The past year has seen significant advances in our understanding of the role of the B7-
CD28/CTLA-4 pathway in T cell activation and self-tolerance. Recent studies have …

The past year has seen significant advances in our understanding of critical roles of
negative immunoregulatory signals delivered through the B7–CD28 superfamily in …

Activation of the T-cell co-receptor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) has a pivotal
role in adjusting the threshold for T-cell activation and in preventing autoimmunity and …

The B7 family of T cell costimulatory molecules has recently acquired several new members.
Some of these are activating while others are inhibitory. In this review, we will focus on the …

Tumors constitute highly suppressive microenvironments in which infiltrating T cells are"
exhausted" by inhibitory receptors such as PD-1. Here we identify TIGIT as a coinhibitory …

Abstract CTLA-4 (CD152) engagement results in down-regulation of T cell activation. Two
mechanisms have been postulated to explain CTLA-4 inhibition of T cell activation: negative …

T cells are critical components of adaptive immunity. As such, their activation is regulated by
the T cell receptor (TCR) that constantly scan peptides associated with major …

Negative costimulatory signals mediated via cell surface molecules such as CTLA-4 and
programmed death 1 (PD-1) play a critical role in down-modulating immune responses and …

To address whether a functional dichotomy exists between CD80 and CD86 in naive T cell
activation in vivo, we administered anti-CD80 or CD86 blocking mAb alone or in …

The discovery of multiple costimulatory cell surface molecules that influence the course of T
cell activation has increased our appreciation of the complexity of the T cell response. It …