The response of peripheral T lymphocytes (T cell) is controlled by multiple checkpoints to
avoid unwanted activation against self-tissues. Two opposing costimulatory receptors, CD28 …

Activation of T lymphocytes is thought to require at least two signals, one delivered by the T-
cell receptor complex after antigen recognition, and one provided on engagement of co …

When ligand becomes receptor—tolerance via B7 signaling on DCs | Nature Immunology Skip
to main content Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited …

CTLA-4 is thought to inhibit effector T cells both intrinsically, by competing with CD28 for B7
ligands, and extrinsically, through the action of regulatory T cells (Tregs). We studied in vivo …

T cell (or transmembrane) immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 (Tim-3) has
attracted significant attention as a novel immune checkpoint receptor (ICR) on chronically …

Targeting immune inhibitory receptors has brought excitement, innovation and hope to
cancer patients. Our recent work revealed the immunological effects of blocking the CTLA4 …

Abstract Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory molecule expressed on activated T
cells; however, the biological context in which PD-1 controls T cell tolerance remains …

CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-L1, the three identified ligands for CD80/86, are pivotal positive and
negative costimulatory molecules that, among other functions, control T cell motility and …

The two-signal model of T-cell activation, proposed approximately four decades ago, has
undergone various refinements while maintaining its principal doctrine. Since the discovery …

The balance between positive and negative signals plays a key role in determining T cell
function. CTL-associated Ag-4 is a surface receptor that can inhibit T cell responses induced …