Abstract Cytotoxic T-Lymphocye Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) or CD152 is an inhibitory molecule that
plays a critical role in maintenance of tolerance to self-antigens. CTLA-4 is structurally as …

T cell costimulation by B7 molecules plays an important role in the regulation of alloimmune
responses. Although both B7-1 and B7-2 bind CD28 and CTLA-4 on T cells, the role of B7-1 …

Dual blockade of the PD-1 and TIGIT coinhibitory receptors on T cells shows promising early
results in cancer patients. Here, we studied the mechanisms whereby PD-1 and/or TIGIT …

ABSTRACT Tim-3 and PD-1 are powerful immunoinhibitory molecules involved in immune
tolerance, autoimmune responses, and antitumor or antiviral immune evasion. A current …

Many studies have shown the central importance of the co-receptors CD28, inducible
costimulatory molecule (ICOS) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) in the …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting CD19 has achieved tremendous
success treating B cell malignancies; however, some patients fail to respond due to poor …

To prevent the destruction of tissues owing to excessive and/or inappropriate immune
responses, immune cells are under strict check by various regulatory mechanisms at …

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1)
immune checkpoints are negative regulators of T-cell immune function. Inhibition of these …

The ability of activating immune recognition receptors on lymphocytes to regulate cellular
activation and function can be profoundly altered by co-stimulation with inhibitory receptors …