Significance Current methods of producing optical phantoms are incapable of accurately
capturing the wavelength-dependent properties of tissue critical for many optical modalities …

Optical methods for detecting physiological state based on light–tissue interaction are
noninvasive, inexpensive, simplistic, and thus very useful. The blood vessels in human …

Different approaches for absorption and scattering spectroscopy of living tissues are
discussed. In particular, a unique system for time-resolved reflectance and transmittance …

Using integrating spheres (ISs) in conjunction with the inverse adding–doubling algorithm
(IAD) offers a well-established, rigorous protocol for determining optical absorption (μ_a) …

Time-resolved and spatially resolved measurements of the diffuse reflectance from
biological tissue are two well-established techniques for extracting the reduced scattering …

A fully automated system for time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy based on tunable mode-
locked laser sources and on time-correlated single-photon counting for the detection of time …

A decoupled analytical technique based on the Stokes–Mueller matrix decomposition
method extracts polarization properties of human blood plasma, collagen solution, and …

We present in vivo values for the optical transport coefficients (μ_a, μ_s′) of the adult
human forearm, calf, and head from 760 to 900 nm measured with time-resolved …

Many mathematical methods have been so far proposed in order to separate absorption,
refraction and ultra-small angle scattering information in phase-contrast analyzer-based …

The interest of using light in clinical practice is increasing strongly and many applications
work at various wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the infrared. Due to this great range of …