The initiation of transcription is a complex process involving many different steps. These
steps are all potential control points for regulating gene expression, and many have been …

Bacterial sigma (σ) factors confer gene specificity upon the RNA polymerase, the central
enzyme that catalyses gene transcription. The binding of the alternative σ factor σ54 confers …

Bacterial σ factors play a key role in promoter recognition, making direct contact with
conserved promoter elements. Most σ factors belong to the σ70 family, named for the …

Transcription is the first and most heavily regulated step in gene expression. Sigma (σ)
factors are general transcription factors that reversibly bind RNA polymerase (RNAP) and …

Bacterial enhancer binding proteins (bEBPs) are transcriptional activators that assemble as
hexameric rings in their active forms and utilize ATP hydrolysis to remodel the conformation …

The initiation of transcription is the most important step for gene regulation in eubacteria. To
initiate transcription, RNA polymerase has to associate with a small protein, known as a σ …

The σS and σ70 subunits of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase recognize very similar
promoter sequences. Therefore, many promoters can be activated by both holoenzymes in …

In bacteria, σ factors are essential for the promoter DNA-binding specificity of RNA
polymerase. The σ factors themselves are regulated by anti-σ factors that bind and inhibit …

Transcription is the key control point for regulation of numerous cellular activities. Bacteria
regulate levels of gene expression by using transcription factors that modulate the …

Bacterial σ factors combine with the catalytic core RNA polymerase to direct the process of
transcription initiation through sequence-specific interactions with the− 10 and− 35 elements …