Abstract In 2008, Paulo Zamboni pioneered the 'liberation procedure'for treating multiple
sclerosis (MS), claiming that MS is caused by an abnormality of venous drainage which he …

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been proposed as a cause of
multiple sclerosis (MS). However, two new studies found a very low overall prevalence of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system with not yet
completely understood pathogenesis. The so called “chronic cerebrospinal venous …

In the case of CCSVI, all of these criteria are either not, or only partially, fulfilled: 5 a) the
discrepancy of results is against criterion 1; b) the lack of reproducibility against criterion 2 …

Chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been proposed as a “congenital
malformation” implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, numerous …

The hypothesis that extra-cranial venous flow abnormalities leading to a stagnant venous
return contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has generated passionate …

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the
central nervous system, believed to be triggered by an autoimmune reaction to myelin …

Objectives: To analyze all the arguments against chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
(CCSVI) as a medical entity, and its association with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to revise all …

Background Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) has been associated with
multiple sclerosis (MS) with a risk ranging from as high as two-hundred-fold to a protective …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating neurological disease characterized by
multifocal areas of inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration within the brain and …