Background Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are
associated with loss of lung function and poor outcomes for patients. However, there are …

BACKGROUND: International guidelines recommend the long-acting anticholinergic,
tiotropium, or long-acting β2-agonists as maintenance therapy in patients with moderate-to …

Backgrounds: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)/inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA)
combination drugs are widely used for the long-term management of chronic obstructive …

Introduction Combination inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting bronchodilator (ICS/LABA)
therapy reduces the exacerbation rate and improves spirometry and quality of life in COPD …

Bronchodilators are the mainstay of therapy for patients with established chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) but, at present, the majority of patients use short-acting agents …

Background and objective: Bronchodilator reversibility (BDR) is common in smoking‐related
COPD, but the airway pathology underlying this has not been described. In particular, it is …

Background Bronchodilator responsiveness is a potential phenotypic characteristic of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We studied whether change in lung function …

Worsening of underlying bronchospasm may be associated with acute exacerbations of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As airway obstruction becomes more …

Background Combining bronchodilators has been shown to be beneficial in patients with
COPD. The additive effects of short-acting bronchodilators added to maintenance tiotropium …

When testing the response to β2-agonist drugs in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), a dose-response assessment should be undertaken. This study compares …