ABSTRACT CRISPR‐Cas systems have rapidly transitioned from intriguing prokaryotic
defense systems to powerful and versatile biomolecular tools. This article reviews how these …

Throughout the decades of its history, the advances in bacteria-based bio-industries have
coincided with great leaps in strain engineering technologies. Recently unveiled clustered …

The development of CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionized our ability to edit DNA
and to modulate expression levels of genes of interest, thus providing powerful tools to …

SUMMARY CRISPR-Cas systems have been engineered as powerful tools to control gene
expression in bacteria. The most common strategy relies on the use of Cas effectors …

This year marks the tenth anniversary of the identification of the biological function of
CRISPR–Cas as adaptive immune systems in bacteria. In just a decade, the characterization …

Highlights•Cas9 provides a powerful counter-selection tool for genome editing in
bacteria.•CRISPRi is a versatile method for repressing gene expression.•With further …

CRISPR–Cas systems constitute the adaptive immune system of bacteria and archaea, as a
sequence-specific nucleic acid targeting defense mechanism. The sequence-specific …

Derived from the bacterial adaptive immune system, CRISPR technology has revolutionized
conventional genetic engineering methods and unprecedentedly facilitated strain …

Establishment of production platforms through prokaryotic engineering in microbial
organisms would be one of the most efficient means for chemicals, protein, and biofuels …

In recent years CRISPR‐Cas technologies have revolutionized microbial engineering
approaches. Genome editing and non‐editing applications of various CRISPR‐Cas systems …