IL-1, a proinflammatory cytokine, is implicated in bone loss in various pathological
conditions by promoting osteoclast formation, survival, and function. Although IL-1 alone can …

Osteolytic lesions are rapidly progressive during the terminal stages of myeloma, and the
bone pain or bone fracture that occurs at these lesions decreases the patients' quality of life …

Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand [RANK ligand (RANK-L)] stimulates mature
osteoclasts to resorb bone, a process associated with NF-κB activation. RANK-L also …

Transcription factors NFATc1, PU. 1, and MITF collaborate to regulate specific genes in
response to colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand …

The receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) and its ligand RANKL are key molecules for
differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. RANKL stimulates transcription factors AP-1 …

Coupled bone turnover is directed by the expression of receptor-activated NF-κB ligand
(RANKL) and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). Proinflammatory cytokines, such as …

Mechanical input is known to regulate skeletal mass. In vitro, application of strain inhibits
osteoclast formation by decreasing expression of the ligand RANKL in bone stromal cells …

Although RANK-L is essential for osteoclast formation, factors such as transforming growth
factor-β (TGF-β) are potent modulators of osteoclastogenic stimuli. To systematically …

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine produced by various cells to regulate
hematopoiesis, inflammation, immune responses, and bone homeostasis. IL-6 is also known …

Signaling through the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) is required for both
osteoclast differentiation and mammary gland development, yet the extent to which RANK …