The technology of gene targeting through homologous recombination has been extremely
useful for elucidating gene functions in mice. The application of this technology was thought …

The development of nuclear transfer from tissue culture cells in livestock made it possible in
principle to produce animals with subtle, directed genetic changes by in vitro modification of …

Until recently genetically modified livestock could only be generated by pronuclear injection.
The discovery that animals can be cloned by nuclear transfer from cultured somatic cells …

The development of methods for cell‐mediated transgenesis, based on somatic cell nuclear
transfer, provides a tremendous opportunity to shape the genetic make‐up of livestock …

The development of new methods of nuclear transfer in mammals is creating many new
opportunities in research, medicine and agriculture. The method of cloning is repeatable …

In contrast to the highly developed genetic modification systems available for manipulating
the mouse genome, at this time only simple gain of function modifications can be undertaken …

Until recently, precise modification of the animal genome by gene targeting was restricted to
the mouse because germline competent embryonic stem cells are not available in any other …

In 1997, Wilmut et al. announced the birth of Dolly, the first ever clone of an adult animal. To
date, adult sheep, goats, cattle, mice, pigs, cats and rabbits have been cloned using somatic …

Gene transfer to animal cells was first achieved more than thirty years ago. Since then,
transformation technology has developed rapidly, resulting in a multitude of techniques for …

The ability to produce live offspring by nuclear transfer from cultured somatic cells provides a
route for the precise genetic manipulation of large animal species. Such modifications …