Introduction Immunological protection against human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)
infection is likely to require both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, the latter …

HIV immunity is likely CD4 T cell dependent. HIV-specific CD4 T cell proliferative responses
are reported to correlate inversely with virus load and directly with specific CD8 responses …

Background The relationship of elevated T cell activation to altered T cell differentiation
profiles, each defining features of HIV-1 infection, has not been extensively explored. We …

Many vaccine approaches emphasize producing HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte (CTL)
responses. Towards this goal, many studies simply classify vaccinees as “responders” or …

Depletion of CD4+ T cells is one of the hallmarks of progression of HIV-1 infection. However,
measurement of the CD4+ T-cell count is expensive and often unavailable in less developed …

Background: Dysregulation of cytokines has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV
infection. Therefore, we determined tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-[alpha]), interleukin-l …

Since the initial description and characterization of the agent that causes AIDS, human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), numerous research groups have characterized immune …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific T-cell reactivity has been related to
protection from disease progression. Optimal T-cell reactivity to HIV-1 presumably requires …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐specific CD8+ T‐cell proliferation is consistently
correlated with enhanced host HIV immune control, but whether proliferative responses are …

Laboratory markers that predict HIV-1 disease progression include plasma viral burden,
CD4+ T-cell count, and CD38 expression on CD8 T cells. To better understand whether the …