Pain can be effectively controlled by various endogenous mechanisms. Recent research
has shown that these mechanisms are not restricted to the central nervous system. Intrinsic …

Classically, pain sensation or suppression has been attributed exclusively to neuronal
circuits. This review challenges this notion and presents an expanded concept about the …

Immune Mechanisms of Pain and Analgesia is the first volume to discuss a new concept of
immune-neural interplays leading to pain or analgesia. It argues the classical view that pain …

Recent findings have suggested a significant involvement of the immune system in the
control of pain. Immune cells contain opioid peptides that are released within inflamed tissue …

Focuses on pain control by immune-derived opioids. Communication between the nervous
system and immune systems through the use of cytokines and neuropeptides; Development …

Neurogenic inflammation and ensuing pain can be modulated effectively by the opioid
system. Opioids can produce analgesic effects in the central and peripheral nervous system …

Pain can be effectively diminished by various endogenous mechanisms within the central
nervous system. One region where these mechanisms have been well characterized is the …

Ability to perceive physiological pain is essential in protecting the individual from tissue
destruction. In contrast, pathological chronic pain is an expression of maladaptive alterations …

Opioid analgesics have been the foundation of human pain management for centuries. In
spite of their many debilitating side effects, prescription opioids remain a gold standard for …

Tissue destruction is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction. The inflammatory reaction
leads to activation of nociceptors and the sensation of pain. Several mediators are …