The objective of this work was to characterize trends over time in urinary excretion of 4-
(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) among cigarette smokers in the US. We …

Introduction: Tobacco smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, including known
carcinogens, such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). TSNA levels in cigarettes vary …

Introduction The tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are an important group of
carcinogens found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. To describe and characterize the levels …

This paper characterizes historical and current tobacco specific nitrosamine (TSNA) levels in
mainstream (MS) cigarette smoke of US commercial cigarettes. To conduct this analysis, we …

The tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a
metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1 …

Background Modification of tobacco curing methods and other changes in cigarette
manufacturing techniques could substantially reduce the levels of tobacco-specific …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are one of the major classes of carcinogens found in
tobacco products. As part of collaborative efforts to reduce tobacco use and resulting …

Abstract Introduction Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are potent carcinogens. Levels
of TSNAs can be modified through manufacturing practices. In the 2000s, TSNA levels in …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are N-nitroso-derivatives of pyridine-alkaloids (eg,
nicotine) present in tobacco and cigarette smoke. Two TSNAs, N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) have been of concern to the public health
community for decades and their reduction through agricultural practices, plant breeding …