Exotoxins are virulence factors produced by some bacteria and are sometimes encoded by
mobile genetic elements like bacteriophage (phage). Phage are viruses of bacteria that …

Recent advances in metagenomics research have generated a bounty of information that
provides insight into the dynamic genetic exchange occurring between bacteriophage …

Many bacteria produce secreted virulence factors called exotoxins. Exotoxins are often
encoded by mobile genetic elements, including bacteriophage (phage). Phage can transfer …

Many human diseases are caused by pathogens that produce exotoxins. The genes that
encode these exotoxins are frequently encoded by mobile DNA elements such as plasmids …

This is the first report of an environmental reservoir of a bacterial exotoxin gene harbored in
an atypical host in the environment. Screening bacterial isolates from the environment via …

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are ubiquitous among microorganisms living in a wide
variety of environments and can be detected by several molecular techniques. Similarly …

Shiga toxins (Stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins that are involved in human and
animal disease. Stx are mainly produced by Escherichia coli isolated from human and non …

Bacterially derived exotoxins kill eukaryotic cells by inactivating factors and/or pathways that
are universally conserved among eukaryotic organisms. The genes that encode these …