Ecto‐and endomycorrhizal symbiosis can play a crucial role in protecting plant roots from
heavy metals (HMs). The efficiency of protection, however, differs between distinct isolates of …

High concentrations of heavy metals in soil have an adverse effect on micro-organisms and
microbial processes. Among soil microorganisms, mycorrhizal fungi are the only ones …

Plants have a system of antioxidant enzymes, which helps to alleviate the effects of various
types of stresses. Heavy metals like Cadmium and lead are tolerable for plants to certain …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses that involve most plants and Glomeromycota fungi are
integral and functional parts of plant roots. In these associations, the fungi not only colonize …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are able to tolerate a wide range of metal concentrations in
soils. A number of passive and active molecular processes are employed by these fungi to …

Metal toxicity (Al and heavy metals) is a major constraint affecting root growth in a number of
natural or managed ecosystems. Fine roots of the majority of plant species are associated …

The Glomus isolate Br1 from the zinc violet, Viola calaminaria (DC.) Lej., confers heavy
metal tolerance to plants including maize, alfalfa, barley and others (see accompanying …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have repeatedly been demonstrated to alleviate heavy
metal stress of plants. The current manuscript summarizes results obtained to date on the …

Uptake, translocation, detoxification, and sequestration of heavy metals (HMs) are key
processes in plants to deal with excess amounts of HM. Under natural conditions, plant roots …

Investigations with soils, containing high and low levels of zinc and cadmium, showed that
mycorrhizal infection generally enhance metal uptake to the roots of lettuce plants but not to …