Insect mutualisms are essential for reproduction of many plants, protection of plants and
other insects, and provisioning of nutrients for insects. Disruption of these mutualisms by …

In nature, plant species simultaneously interact with many different mutualistic partners.
These mutualists may influence one another through direct interference or indirectly by …

Highlights•Global change may fundamentally alter the ability for species to coexist.•Insect
assemblages are diverse, however, evidence for stable coexistence is lacking.•Micro and …

Mutualisms are of central importance in biological systems. Despite growing attention in
recent years, however, few conceptual themes have yet to be identified that span …

Climate change has the potential to desynchronize the phenologies of interdependent
species, with potentially catastrophic effects on mutualist populations. Phenologies can …

Climate change is altering the timing of life history events in a wide array of species, many of
which are involved in mutualistic interactions. Because many mutualisms can form only if …

One approach to understanding how mutualisms function in community settings is to model
well-studied pairwise interactions in the presence of the few species with which they interact …

Although understanding mutualism stability has advanced over the last few decades, two
fundamental problems still remain in explaining how mutualisms maintain stable.(i) How …

Mutualisms are ubiquitous in nature, provide important ecosystem services, and involve
many species of interest for conservation. Theoretical progress on the population dynamics …

Predicting the impacts of global warming on mutualisms poses a significant challenge given
the functional and life history differences that usually exist among interacting species …