The Palaeocene–Eocene carbon isotope excursion: constraints from individual shell planktonic foraminifer records

JC Zachos, SM Bohaty, CM John… - … of the Royal …, 2007 - royalsocietypublishing.org
The Palaeocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) is characterized by a global negative
carbon isotope excursion (CIE) and widespread dissolution of seafloor carbonate …

Opening the carbon isotope" vital effect" black box, 2, Quantitative model for interpreting foraminiferal carbon isotope data

HJ Spero, I Lerche, DF Williams - Paleoceanography, 1991 - Wiley Online Library
Interpretation of carbon isotope records from late Quaternary planktonic foraminifers are
confounded due to the presence of a significant physiological component in the carbon …

Coherent pattern and timing of the carbon isotope excursion and warming during Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 as recorded in planktic and benthic foraminifera

L Stap, L Lourens, A van Dijk… - Geochemistry …, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2;∼ 53.7 Ma) occurred approximately 2 Myr after the
Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (∼ 55.5 Ma) and was characterized by a deep‐sea …

The Paleocene-Eocene benthic foraminiferal extinction and stable isotope anomalies

E Thomas, NJ Shackleton - Geological Society, London, Special …, 1996 - lyellcollection.org
In the late Paleocene to early Eocene, deep sea benthic foraminifera suffered their only
global extinction of the last 75 million years and diversity decreased worldwide by 30–50 …

Reassessing foraminiferal stable isotope geochemistry: Impact of the oceanic carbonate system (experimental results)

J Bijma, HJ Spero, DW Lea - Use of proxies in paleoceanography …, 1999 - Springer
Laboratory experiments with living planktic foraminifers show that the δ 13 C and δ 18 O
values of shell calcite decrease with increasing sea water pH and/or carbonate ion …

Stable oxygen and carbon isotopes in foraminiferal carbonate shells

EJ Rohling, S Cooke - Modern foraminifera, 1999 - Springer
Analyses of stable oxygen and carbon isotopes from foraminiferal shells have played a
pivotal role in paleoceanography since the pioneering efforts of Emiliani (1955) who …

Surface ocean warming and acidification driven by rapid carbon release precedes Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

TL Babila, DE Penman, CD Standish, M Doubrawa… - Science …, 2022 - science.org
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is recognized by a major negative
carbon isotope (δ13C) excursion (CIE) signifying an injection of isotopically light carbon into …

Partial collapse of the marine carbon pump after the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary

HS Birch, HK Coxall, PN Pearson, D Kroon… - …, 2016 - pubs.geoscienceworld.org
The impact of an asteroid at the end of the Cretaceous caused mass extinctions in the
oceans. A rapid collapse in surface to deep-ocean carbon isotope gradients suggests that …

Was the late Paleocene thermal maximum a unique event?

E Thomas, JC Zachos - Gff, 2000 - Taylor & Francis
Deep-sea benthic foraminiferal faunas were decimated by a massive extinction during an
episode of rapid warming, the late Paleocene thermal maximum (LPTM), with a duration of …

Examining possible effects of seawater pH decline on foraminiferal stable isotopes during the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum

J Uchikawa, RE Zeebe - Paleoceanography, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
A large body of paleoceanographic data for the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum
(PETM) is based on foraminiferal stable carbon and oxygen isotope composition (δ13C and …