Objective The goal of this study is to model the effect of language use and time pressure on
English as a first language (EFL) and English as a second language (ESL) students by …

Although online tutorials are becoming commonplace for language teaching, very few
studies to date have provided insights into learners' behaviours in synchronous online …

Utilizing eye-tracking technology and focusing on the “rapid”,“purposeful” and
“comprehending” attributes of fluent reading, this study investigated first language (L1) and …

This study employed eye-tracking technology to probe the online reading behavior of 52
advanced L2 English learners. These participants read an e-book containing six types of …

Whether or not students should turn on their cameras during synchronous online learning is
still a matter of debate. Empirical evidence is scarce, especially on specific subjects. More …

Combining reading with auditory input has been shown to be an effective way of supporting
reading fluency and reading comprehension in a second language. Previous research has …

SCMC (Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication). The potentials and challenges
of eye-tracking for researching language learning are discussed, as well as the …

Students in academic contexts are expected to engage with large amounts of reading and
they frequently meet unknown words and phrases in those reading materials. Previous …

This comprehensive systematic review synthesizes thirty-four peer-reviewed articles
published between 2010 and 2022, utilizing eye-tracking research within interactive …

Scores of studies have established that when learning online, students must be equipped
with different sets of strategies and skills than in a physical classroom setting (Anderson …