The pathogenesis and outcome of viral infections are significantly influenced by the host
immune response. The immune system is able to eliminate many viruses in the acute phase …

The chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier exhibits ongoing replication of HBV and
expresses abundant amounts of HBV-related antigens in the liver. However, HBV-specific …

In this review we focus on aspects of the virus‐specific cellular immune response, although
we should point out that all the components of the innate and adaptive immune response …

Hepatocyte turnover appears to be an important feature in the resolution of transient and
progression of chronic hepadnavirus infections. Hepatocyte death, initiated through attack …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major health burdens worldwide,
with over 300 and 170 million people, respectively, infected. HBV, a DNA virus, and HCV, an …

Background & Aims With or without antiviral treatment, few individuals achieve sustained
functional cure of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A better definition of what …

Background & Aims Production of neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen
(HBsAg) is dysregulated in patients with persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We …

Acute and chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with an increased risk
of developing liver disease including cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, and …

Background & Aims Antiviral agents suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication but do not
clear the infection. A strong effector T-cell response is required to eradicate HBV, but this …

Cellular immunity to hepatitis-B-virus (HBV) antigens was followed prospectively in five
patients who were identified in the early incubation phase of acute HBV infection, between …