In this paper we wish to develop three themes, each having to do with evolutionary aspects
of associations between hosts and parasites (with parasite defined broadly, to include …

For most of the past century, the conventional wisdom in parasitology and epidemiology has
been that a well adapted parasite is a benign parasite (parasites being defined broadly to …

A widespread contention in the parasitological and medical literature is that severe disease
represents a lack of coadaption between host and parasite2 because parasite species that …

Parasites are characterized by their fitness-reducing effect on their hosts. Studying the
evolution of parasitic diseases is an attempt to understand these negative effects as an …

The year 1991 marked 100 yr of coevolution research. I have reviewed the first 90 yr of this
history. Three chronological phases are apparent: recognition of predictable associations …

Recent studies suggest that parasites (interpreted broadly to include viruses, bacteria,
protozoans and helminths) may influence the numerical magnitude or geographical …

There are probably more species of parasite than all non-parasite species combined. In the
British insect fauna only 3.9% are estimated to be predators, whereas 35.1% are parasitic on …

Parasitism is one of the most successful modes of life displayed by living organisms, as
measured by how often it evolved and how many parasitic species are presently in …

The word 'virulence'has the same Latin origin as the word 'virus', which originally refered to
any pathogen that caused disease. Virulence should therefore refer specifically to a property …

Parasites improve their fitness as a result of the selection of traits which determine their
relationships with their hosts. Some of these relationships are examined briefly. There is a …