Drug addiction is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior and
by a high rate of relapse even after long periods of abstinence. Although the …

Rationale A high rate of relapse is a daunting challenge facing clinical treatment of cocaine
addiction. Recent studies have shown that drugs of abuse enhance glutamate …

Exposure to drug-associated cues evokes drug-seeking behavior and is regarded as a
major cause of relapse. Cues evoke burst firing of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine …

The incubation of cue-reinforced cocaine-seeking coincides with increased extracellular
glutamate within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). The vmPFC is comprised of …

Rationale. While the role of the mesocorticolimbic (MCL) dopamine (DA) system in
mediating the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse has been well established, how and …

Initiation of cocaine self-administration in rats was associated with release of glutamate in
the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The glutamate release was transient, despite continued …

Potentiation of glutamate responses is a critical synaptic response to cocaine exposure in
ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons. However, the mechanism by which cocaine exposure …

Exposure to drug‐associated cues evokes drug‐seeking behavior and is regarded as a
major cause of relapse. Conditional stimulus upregulates noradrenaline (NA) system …

Cue exposure therapy (CET) reduces craving induced by drug-associated cues in
individuals with substance use disorders. A preclinical model of CET, cue extinction …

Cocaine administration induces glutamatergic activation within the mesolimbic-accumbens
system. This activation has been linked to the behavioral effects of cocaine and recently to …