Most mature B lymphocytes express one BCR L chain, κ or λ, but recent work has shown that
there are exceptions in that some B lymphocytes express both κ and λ and some even bear …

The signaling programs that enforce negative selection in early transitional (T1) B cells in
response to BCR engagement remain poorly defined. We conducted a comprehensive …

Receptor editing is a mechanism of self-tolerance used in newly generated B cells. The
expressed heavy (H) or light (L) chain of an autoreactive receptor is replaced by upstream V …

Regulation throughout B cell maturation and activation prevents autoreactive B cells from
entering germinal center (GC) reactions. This study shows that a subset of autoreactive B …

Highlights•IgM, but not IgD, downregulation is a shared feature of autoreactive B cells.•IgD is
less sensitive to endogenous antigens and monovalent antigens than IgM.•IgM and IgD …

The presence of B cells expressing two B cell receptors (BCR), described in BCR‐
transgenic, gene‐targeted and normal mice, may represent an autoimmune hazard. We …

The pioneering work of Owen (1) and Burnet and Fenner (2) in the late 1940s originated the
concept of immune tolerance. Subsequent experiments conducted by Billingham et al.(3) …

Anti-dsDNA Abs are specific diagnostic markers of systemic lupus erythematosus, and are
also implicated in kidney pathology. Anti-dsDNA B cells have been shown to be tolerized in …