Background: Prenatal screening and the promotion of folic acid intake could affect the
incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs). We examined trends in the total NTD incidence, as …

Using data from a recent case-control study, a woman's risk of having a child with a neural
tube defect (NTD) was found to be associated with early pregnancy red cell folate levels in a …

Neural tube defects (NTDs), including anencephaly and spina bifida, arise from the failure of
neurulation during early embryonic development. Neural tube defects are common birth …

Neural tube defects (NTD) remain a major cause of morbidity in spite of the reduction in
liveborn incidence with periconceptional folic acid. However, the etiology remains unknown …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects and contribute to life-long disabilities,
high medical care costs, and perinatal and child mortality. This review is a primer on …

Isolated neural tube defects (NTDs) appear to have different risk factors compared to
nonisolated NTDs. To extend those observations, we explored routinely collected child and …

Purpose: Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, are common
congenital malformations that occur when the neural tube fails to achieve proper closure …

OBJECTIVE: To examine time trends in neural tube defects (NTD) prevalence from 1987 to
1996 in relation to the primary prevention policies for folic acid supplementation strategies in …

BACKGROUND It has long been known that there are environmental causes of neural tube
defects, and diet is one of the most likely candidates. The work of Hibbard and Smithells' in …

Neural tube defects (NTDs)—malformations secondary to abnormal neural tube closure
between the third and fourth weeks of gestational age—have a complex and imperfectly …