BackgroundIndividual differences in fear and fearlessness have been investigated at their
extremes in relation to markedly different forms of psychopathology–anxiety disorders and …

A good deal is now known about the neural circuitry involved in how conditioned fear can
augment a simple reflex (fear-potentiated startle). This involves visual or auditory as well as …

This selective review provides a model of the neurobiology of impulsive aggression from a
cognitive neuroscience perspective. It is argued that prototypical cases of impulsive …

Recent research has suggested that anxiety may be associated with processing biases that
favor the encoding of emotionally threatening information. However, the available data can …

Ellis20 once wrote,“When people are angry, they frequently take on some of the worst
characteristics of the people they hate, including bullying, prejudice, violence, and …

The orienting reflex (OR), elicited by an innocuous stimulus, can be regarded as a model of
the organism's interaction with its environment, and has been described as the unit of …

Attentional biases regarding attentional capture by threat-related stimuli in anxious people
were investigated by using a standard spatial cueing procedure suitable to measure …

The present study was undertaken to determine whether aversiveness contributes to startle
potentiation in anticipation of affective pictures above and beyond the effects of emotional …

A method for measuring behavioral responses of rats to both anxiolytic and anxiogenic
manipulations, the open field drink test (OFDT), is described. This method utilizes the …

In this chapter, we attempt to delineate the construct of defense mechanism and describe its
impact upon various domains of behavior, ranging from deficits in attention deployment to …