Variable levels of predation pressure are known to have significant impacts on the
evolutionary ecology of different populations and can affect life-history traits, behavior, and …

Variation in the structural complexity of a habitat is known to have significant affects on the
evolution of different populations and can shape behavior, morphology, and life-history …

Studies of the fitness consequences of behavioral types often focus on isolated behaviors
and ignore potential across-context correlations that may affect fitness. This approach leads …

To study the fitness effects of individual variation in cognitive traits, it is paramount to
understand whether traits such as personality and physiological stress influence cognitive …

Highlights•I induced high-or low-risk environments for predator-naïve tadpoles.•I taught
tadpoles to recognize a novel salamander predator and tested their memory.•High-risk …

Living in challenging environments can influence the behavior of animals in a number of
ways. For instance, populations of prey fish that experience frequent, nonlethal interactions …

There is remarkable diversity in brain anatomy among vertebrates and evidence is
accumulating that predatory interactions are crucially important for this diversity. To test this …

It is generally agreed that variation in social and/or environmental complexity yields variation
in selective pressures on brain anatomy, where more complex brains should yield increased …

Behavioral variation has been documented both between and within populations in a variety
of traits. Many of these behavioral traits are phenotypically plastic and are conditional on the …

Animals alter their behavior to avoid a variety of different types of predators. Trinidadian
guppies (Poecilia reticulata) have been an important system for examining the evolution of …