Syndemic risk is an ecological construct, defined by co-occurring interdependent socio-
environmental, interpersonal and intrapersonal determinants. We posited syndemic risk to …

HIV is a public health crisis that disproportionately affects Black and Latino men. To
understand this crisis, syndemic theory, which takes into account multiple interrelated …

Abstract Miami is a Southeastern United States (US) city with high health, mental health, and
economic disparities, high ethnic/racial diversity, low resources, and the highest HIV …

Limited data are available on the longitudinal occurrence of syndemic factors among women
at risk for HIV infection in the USA and how these factors relate to sexual risk over time …

Abstract Background In South Africa, women comprise the majority of HIV infections.
Syndemics, or co-occurring epidemics and risk factors, have been applied in understanding …

Research shows that young men who have sex with men (YMSM) engage in higher rates of
health risk behaviors and experience higher rates of negative health outcomes than their …

Research on street-based female sex workers documents a multitude of problems faced by
these women, such as substance use, HIV risk, mental health problems, victimization, and …

Background Co-occurrence of social conditions and infections may affect HIV/HCV disease
risk and progression. We examined the changes in relationship of these social conditions …

This paper measures syndemic substance use disorder, violence, and mental health and
compares the syndemic among HIV-infected heterosexual men, heterosexual women, and …

Hispanics are disproportionately affected by substance abuse, HIV infection, intimate partner
violence, and mental health conditions. To address health disparities among Hispanics and …