One‐third of type 2 diabetes patients do not respond to metformin. Genetic variants in
metformin transporters have been extensively studied as a likely contributor to this high …

Introduction: Metformin is recommended as first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) by
all major diabetes guidelines. With appropriate usage it is safe and effective overall, but its …

For patients with type 2 diabetes, metformin is the most often recommended drug. However,
there are substantial individual differences in the pharmacological response to metformin …

Therapeutic response to metformin, a first‐line drug for type 2 diabetes (T2D), is highly
variable, in part likely due to genetic factors. To date, metformin pharmacogenetic studies …

Introduction Metformin has been recognized as the first-choice drug for type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM). The potency of metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes has always …

Metformin, widely used as first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, exists primarily as a
hydrophilic cation at physiological pHs. As such, membrane transporters play a substantial …

Considerable interindividual variability in clinical efficacy is recognized in the treatment of
type 2 diabetes mellitus with the biguanide metformin. Metformin is a substrate of organic …

Diabetes is a major health problem worldwide, and metformin, a traditional oral anti-
hyperglycemic drug, is now believed to be the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug …

The identification of transporters for organic cations involved in the distribution and
elimination of the antidiabetic compound metformin marks a milestone in the study of …

Purpose Metformin is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals.
Clinically, inter-individual variability of metformin response is of significant concern and is …