Voltage‐gated sodium channels are required for electrogenesis in excitable cells. Their
activation, triggered by membrane depolarization, generates transient sodium currents that …

Besides initiating and propagating action potentials in established neuronal circuits, voltage-
dependent sodium channels sculpt and bolster the functional neuronal network from early in …

The Hodgkin-Huxley formulation, at its 60th anniversary, remains a bastion of neuroscience.
Sodium channels Nav1. 1–Nav1. 3 and Nav1. 6–Nav1. 9 support electrogenesis in neurons …

Astrocytes comprise a heterogeneous cell population characterized by distinct
morphologies, protein expression and function. Unlike neurons, astrocytes do not generate …

Electrical excitability in cells such as neurons and myocytes depends not only upon the
expression of voltage‐gated sodium channels but also on their correct targeting within the …

Microglia are resident immune cells that provide continuous surveillance within the central
nervous system (CNS) and respond to perturbations of brain and spinal cord parenchyma …

The intracellular sodium concentration of astrocytes is classically viewed as being kept
under tight homeostatic control and at a relatively stable level under physiological …

Transient potassium current channels (IA channels), which are expressed in most brain
areas, have a central role in modulating feedforward and feedback inhibition along the …

The human brain is composed of nearly one hundred billion neurons and an equal number
of glial cells, including macroglia, ie, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and microglia, the …

In the six decades that have followed the work of Hodgkin and Huxley, multiple generations
of neuroscientists and biophysicists have built upon their pivotal contributions. It is now clear …