Although chronic pain affects all age ranges, it is particularly common in the elderly. One
potential explanation for the high prevalence of chronic pain in the older population is …

Background: Increasing evidence for the efficacy of analgesic placebo effects in laboratory
studies with healthy persons raises the question whether placebos could be used to improve …

The current gap between basic science research and the development of new analgesics
presents a serious challenge for the future of pain medicine. This challenge is particularly …

Purpose Placebos are commonly used in experimental and patient populations and are
known to influence treatment outcomes. The mechanism of action of placebos has been …

Harnessing placebo and nocebo effects has significant implications for research and
medical practice. Placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia, the most well-studied …

Clinical pain is a serious public health issue. Treatment of pain-related suffering requires
knowledge of how pain signals are initially interpreted and subsequently transmitted and …

It is generally assumed that individuals exhibiting high pain inhibition also tend to exhibit low
pain facilitation, but little research has examined this association in individuals with pain …

This review summarizes evidence, primarily from recent human studies, indirectly supporting
a novel hypothesis: that the assessment of healthy individuals' responses to standardized …

This article introduces the scientific basis for the understanding of pain mechanisms and
highlights the importance of endogenous excitatory and inhibitory controls in the central …

The expectation of pain relief can exert a powerful analgesic effect, even when pain is
severe. Depending on the nature of experiences and instructions provided, a placebo …