Iron is an essential trace element associated with both pathologic deficiency and toxic
overload. Thus, systemic and cell iron metabolism are highly controlled processes regulated …

Iron is the most abundant trace element in the human body. Since iron can switch between
its 2-valent and 3-valent form it is essential in various physiological processes such as …

The cardiovascular system requires iron to maintain its high energy demands and metabolic
activity. Iron plays a critical role in oxygen transport and storage, mitochondrial function, and …

Iron is necessary for the life of practically all living things, yet it may also harm people
toxically. Accordingly, humans and other mammals have evolved an effective and tightly …

Iron is a necessary element for life; however, excess iron leads to oxidative stress by the
Fenton reaction. Iron deficiency is prevalent in patients with heart failure, while iron overload …

Heart disease is a common manifestation in conditions of iron imbalance. Normal heart
function requires coupling of iron supply for oxidative phosphorylation and redox signalling …

Highly active cardiomyocytes need iron for their metabolic activity. In physiological
conditions, iron turnover is a delicate process which is dependent on global iron supply and …

Iron is a key micronutrient for the human body and participates in biological processes, such
as oxygen transport, storage, and utilization. Iron homeostasis plays a crucial role in the …

Iron is an essential trace element required for several vital physiological and developmental
processes, including erythropoiesis, bone, and neuronal development. Iron metabolism and …

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. It is prevalent amongst
patients with cardiovascular disease, in whom it is associated with worse clinical outcomes …