Background Up to 50% of patients with chronic heart failure (HF) have systemic iron
deficiency, which contributes to symptoms and poor prognosis. Myocardial iron deficiency …

Non-anaemic iron deficiency (NAID) is a strategic target in cardiovascular medicine because
of its association with a range of adverse effects in various conditions. Endeavours to tackle …

Iron metabolism is a balancing act, and biological systems have evolved exquisite
regulatory mechanisms to maintain iron homeostasis. Iron metabolism disorders are …

Ironisvitalforourhealthasitplaysacrucialrolei… body. Due to its ability to accept and donate
electrons, iron is a central part of numerous catalytic enzymes and proteins that are crucial …

Iron deficiency or overload poses an increasingly complex issue in cardiovascular disease,
especially heart failure. The potential benefits and side effects of iron supplementation are …

Iron is a necessary element for life; however, excess iron leads to oxidative stress by the
Fenton reaction. Iron deficiency is prevalent in patients with heart failure, while iron overload …

Hepcidin is the master regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Derived primarily from the
liver, it inhibits the iron exporter ferroportin in the gut and spleen, the sites of iron absorption …

Current understanding of iron-deficient heart failure is based on blood tests that are thought
to reflect systemic iron stores, but the available evidence suggests greater complexity. The …

Iron is subject to tight homeostatic control in mammals. At the systemic level, iron
homeostasis is controlled by the liver-derived hormone hepcidin acting on its target …

There is an increasing awareness of the prevalence of iron deficiency in patients with heart
failure (HF), and its contributory role in the morbidity and mortality of HF. Iron is a trace …