Given the complexity of inhaled substances, the aerosol exposure environment has seen
diversification and development of setups in conjunction with the evolving in vitro toxicology …

Although the Spinhaler has been available for many years as a delivery device for sodium
cromoglycate powder, the quantity of powder delivered to the lungs and the optimal mode of …

A challenge in the development of dry powder formulations for inhalation is the poor
reproducibility of their administration to small laboratory animals. The currently used devices …

Increasing prevalence of pulmonary diseases with high mortality and morbidity such as
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, infectious diseases …

The lung is an attractive site for drug delivery for both local and systemic effects due to its
large surface area and rapid drug absorption by lung cells. Drug delivery to the lungs can be …

Purpose To construct a simple simulator reproducing human inspiratory flow patterns and
use it to evaluate the inhalation performance of active ingredient particle-carrier particle …

Background: Since their appearance on the drugs of abuse market, synthetic cannabinoids
(SCs) are gaining increasing toxicological relevance. They are consumed without …

The increasing use of poorly-soluble inhaled dry powder pharmaceuticals means that
animal toxicology studies of these drugs frequently produce lung changes related to the …