Metastatic urothelial cancer is an aggressive disease associated with a poor prognosis. In
the first-line setting, platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard of care but resistance …

Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment for metastatic urothelial
carcinoma for over 25 years [1–3]. Response rates with first-line cisplatin-based …

Recent clinical trials demonstrate that patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma are
responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Optimal treatment regimens are still …

Urothelial cancer of the bladder, renal pelvis, ureter, and other urinary organs is the fifth
most common cancer in the United States, and systemic platinum-based chemotherapy …

Introduction Since 2016, the progressive use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) starting
from second-line treatment has led to an improvement in overall survival in locally advanced …

Purpose Until recently, therapeutic options for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) were
limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy has proven …

Abstract Purpose of Review Since 2016, five new programmed cell death protein 1/ligand 1
(PD-1/L1) checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for metastatic urothelial carcinoma …

Tremendous advances in our understanding of the tumor immunology and molecular
biology of urothelial carcinoma (UC) have led to the recent approval of immunotherapy as a …

In recent years, immunotherapy has produced encouraging results in a rapidly increasing
number of solid tumors. The responsiveness of bladder cancer to immunotherapy was first …

Cytotoxic chemotherapy has been the only systemic treatment of locally advanced and
metastatic urothelial carcinoma for decades. Long-term survival remains stagnant around 12 …