Recent discoveries of the glymphatic system and of meningeal lymphatic vessels have
generated a lot of excitement, along with some degree of skepticism. Here, we summarize …

The paravascular pathway, also known as the “glymphatic” pathway, is a recently described
system for waste clearance in the brain. According to this model, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) …

The relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain interstitial fluid are still being
elucidated. It has been proposed that CSF within the subarachnoid space will enter …

The recent discovery of the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) and glymphatic pathways
has challenged the long-lasting dogma that the central nervous system (CNS) lacks a …

Flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through perivascular spaces (PVSs) in the brain delivers
nutrients, clears metabolic waste, and causes edema formation. Brain-wide imaging cannot …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of the
central nervous system. The functions of CSF include:(1) buoyancy of the brain, spinal cord …

Recent human and animal model experimental studies revealed novel pathways for fluid
movement, immune cell trafficking and metabolic waste clearance in CNS. These studies …

In a recent review article titled “A new look at cerebrospinal fluid circulation”, Brinker et al.
comprehensively described novel insights from molecular and cellular biology as well as …

Neurovascular pathology concurs with protein accumulation, as the brain vasculature is
important for waste clearance. Interstitial solutes, such as amyloid-β, were previously …

Background Influx and clearance of substances in the brain parenchyma occur by a
combination of diffusion and convection, but the relative importance of these mechanisms is …