Coastal defences are proliferating in response to climate change, leading to the creation of
more vertical substrata. Efforts are being made to mitigate their impacts and create novel …

Aim Artificial coastal defence structures are proliferating in response to rising and stormier
seas. These structures provide habitat for many species but generally support lower …

Globally, coastlines are under pressure as coastal human population growth and
urbanization continues, while climatic change leads to stormier seas and rising tides. These …

Marine infrastructures are increasing, generating a variety of impacts and introducing
artificial habitats which have low ecological value and support assemblages that differ …

Along urbanised coastlines, urban infrastructure is increasingly becoming the dominant
habitat. These structures are often poor surrogates for natural habitats, and a diversity of eco …

Urbanization replaces natural shorelines with built infrastructure, seriously impacting
species living on these “new” shores. Understanding the ecology of developed shorelines …

The construction of artificial structures, such as seawalls, is increasing globally, resulting in
loss of habitat complexity and native species biodiversity. There is increasing interest in …

Over the last decade there has been a global effort to eco-engineer urban artificial
shorelines with the aim of increasing their biodiversity and extending their conservation …

Urbanisation and the construction of commercial structures on coasts cause a significant
impact on natural marine habitats. The concept of¨ Ecological Engineering¨, recently applied …

Worldwide, coastlines are becoming increasingly hardened by infrastructure in response to
population growth, need for space, and coastal protection. Coastal and marine infrastructure …