Intertidal ecosystems are key habitats that are being replaced by artificial hard substrates
due to the increment of human activities in coastal areas. These new substrates host …

Animals and plants of the marine benthos depend on their substrata for attachment, on
surfaces or within sediments, and for access to a source of prey and nutrients. In the case of …

From microbes to humans, habitat structural complexity plays a direct role in the provision of
physical living space, and increased complexity supports higher biodiversity and ecosystem …

The current development of human activities at sea (eg land reclamation, maritime activity
and marine renewable energy) is leading to a significant increase in the number of …

Artificial structures such as seawalls increasingly dominate marine urban environments. As
compared to natural rocky shore habitats, seawalls are usually flat, featureless, vertical …

LOUISE B. FIRTH1, ANTONY M. KNIGHTS2, DANIELLE BRIDGER3, ALLY J. EVANS4,
NOVA MIESZKOWSKA5, 6, PIPPA J. MOORE4, NESSA E. O'CONNOR7, EMMA V …

Globally, coastlines are under pressure as coastal human population growth and
urbanization continues, while climatic change leads to stormier seas and rising tides. These …

Urbanization of coastal habitats is increasing worldwide. However, most man‐made
structures are poor surrogates for the habitats they replace and can strongly impact the …

Complexity is well accepted as one of the primary drivers of biodiversity, however, empirical
support for such positive associations is often confounded with surface area and …

Following progressive urbanisation of coastal areas, artificial structures are becoming
common features of landscapes in shallow waters. Despite this, few studies have focused on …