Background. During healthy pregnancy, helper (Th) 1-type and inflammatory-type responses
are down-regulated, and Th2-type and proinflammatory-type responses predominate. In …

Drugs to prevent malaria in pregnancy are not recommended during the first trimester in
high-transmission areas. Poor outcomes associated with infections in early pregnancy …

Background. There is some consensus that malaria in pregnancy may negatively affect
infant's mortality and malaria morbidity, but there is less evidence concerning the factors …

Background: Malaria during pregnancy may affect the course adversely. The physiological
changes of pregnancy and pathological changes due to malaria have a deleterious effect on …

Co-infection of malaria and HIV often result in a precarious switch of the immune reaction
from T-helper 1 (Th-1)-type 1 to type 2 or vice versa. Immunological status are seriously …

Background Placental malaria (PM) is an important cause of maternal and foetal mortality in
tropical areas, and severe sequelae and mortality are related to inflammation in the …

Pregnant women are at an increased risk for malarial infection. Plasmodium falciparum
accumulates in the placenta and is associated with dysregulated immune function and poor …

Over the last few years, the constant increase in immigration to western countries has led to
the emergence of several illnesses that were previously unknown in developed countries …

Understanding the hormonal and cytokine interactions that underlie susceptibility to the
disease should be helpful in elucidating the pathogenesis of malaria during pregnancy. The …

Background Malaria and HIV are two major causes of morbidity and mortality among
pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Foetal and neonatal outcomes of this co-infection …