… However, research into the therapeutic application of their bacterial counterparts, known as
bacterial membrane vesicles, is only just beginning to be appreciated. Membrane vesicles (…

… , their types, and therapeutic regimens for treating infectious … outer membrane vesicles (OMVs),
inner membrane vesicles (… molecules released from bacteria in antimicrobial effects. In …

… (BMVs) are cupped-shaped structures formed by bacteria in … Bacteria originally secrete
membrane vesicles for gene transfer, … effects of PG structures in Gram-positive bacteria over …

… induce an envelope stress response that provides the benefits of adaptation in the bacterial
community [37]. The production of BMVs can be stimulated by envelope stress and other …

… -negative bacteria, membrane vesicles (MVs) can originate either from blebs of the outer
membrane or … We also discuss the advantages of MV-mediated secretion compared with classic …

… bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) during their normal growth. Gram-negative bacteria
produce BMVs termed outer membrane vesicles … and facilitate numerous bacterial functions, …

… Additionally, a unique advantage associated with utilizing bacteria for BMV synthesis is their
… therapy and antibacterial therapy. Particularly, attention will be focused on the bacterial …

… -negative bacterium-released OMVs and Gram-positive bacterium-… effects of OMVs/MVs
on infectious diseases. Finally, we discuss how to engineer these bacterial MVs as therapeutic …

… bacteria, the reference to the OM in their nomenclature may be misleading in the latter case.
We therefore refer to these as bacterial membrane vesicles (… array of biological effects and …

… damaging the cell membrane, showing great potential as new therapeutics. EVs have been
… immunogenetic or therapeutic effects for prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. For …