… vortex magnetization states. We provide a detailed account of vortex phenomena in geologic
materials by … ) via finite-element micromagnetic modeling of magnetite nanoparticles with …

Rocks can record information about the geomagnetic field intensity and direction, 37 and
preserve it over geologic timescales. Uniformly magnetized, stable single domain 38 (SD) …

… The experimental results agree well with micromagnetic modeling conducted in this study. …
vortex state and transdomain transitions between multivortex states and single vortex state …

… single vortex (SV) and multi-vortex magnetic domain structures (∼80 to ∼10,000 nm),
although ubiquitous in rocks, were thought to be less reliable magnetic recorders over geological …

… recordings of magnetic fields over geological timescales. … We use a standard micromagnetic
approach in this study. Given a … micromagnetic solution of a crystal in a single-vortex state. …

… vortex state as compared to the uniform state, as depicted in Figures 4c and 4d. This difference
is due to the flux closure in the vortex state … This general approach would allow to write a …

… of metastable flower and vortex states in a cubic magnetite … The first approach to estimate
barriers between SD and two-… , even over geological timescales. An important result of early …

… a flower state and a vortex state. Our solutions found the flower and vortex states had equal
… There are many sources of error unaccounted for by this approach, including material …

… to a flower state to a vortex state and back with approach to … of vortex state magnetizations
in geological materials can be … We explore this possibility with micromagnetic simulations of …

… We present results from micromagnetic simulations of … ME-SE particles, a vortex state aligned
along the major axis persisted … We extend this approach to 12 additional compositions and …