… that chronic use of inhaled β agonists perpetuates asthmatic … with a spacer or with a valved
holding chamber that allows the … of the barriers to using pressurized metered-dose inhalers (…

… before and after bronchodilator tests using albuterol via a metered dose inhaler with a valved
holding chamber (MDI + VHC). … Albuterol (400 μg) delivered via MDI with a valved holding …

… Bronchodilators administered by pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) via valved
holding chambers (VHC) are clinically at least as effective as nebulizers [2,3,4,5,6,7]. Although …

… inhalation can be optimized using pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) with or without
spacers or valved holding chambers … , dry-power inhalers, soft mist inhalers, and nebulizers. …

… , built the first pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) device … a nebuliser in controlling an
acute exacerbation of asthma. … to open the valve of the valved holding chamber in the spacer. …

The purpose of this review is to summarize essential pharmacological, pharmaceutical, and
clinical aspects in the field of orally inhaled therapies that may help scientists seeking to …

… (also called salbutamol) is available as a metered-dose inhaler, … Valved holding chambers
(VHC) or spacers are … technique administered via nebulizer or MDI, racemic albuterol and …

… ED, including metered dose inhalers (MDI), jet nebulizers (JN… with a handheld valved
holding chamber adapter (Ultra, … and slower onset of action than β-agonists, inhaled short-acting …

… (5,8) The inhaler, which contained the nonselective β-agonists … ® Metered Dose Inhaler
Trainer mimics the inhalation through … used with spacers or valved holding chambers (VHCs) that …

… given the notoriously shallow spirometric dose response for β-agonists 87,88 allied to a …
valved holding chambers with beclomethasone/formoterol pressurized metered dose inhaler…