… (4) β-cell death may directly lead to insulin deficiency when loss of 60% or more is accompanied
by … and that the mechanism underlying the β-cell loss is increased β-cell apoptosis [22]. …

… of β-cell dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation on β-cell deficit in type 2 diabetes and
to … are characterized by endoplasmic reticulum stress and an increase in β-cell apoptosis (22–…

… Deficits in β-cell function and mass play key roles in the onset and progression of type 2
diabetes… decrease in pancreatic β-cell mass is the result of a relatively high β-cell apoptotic rate, …

… β-cell mass and function, and to explain why a deficiency of … must be some people who have
a reduced capacity for β-cell … have an increased rate of β-cell death (relative to β-cell birth) …

… Although it is accepted that increased apoptosis plays a role in decreased β-cell mass over
time, … phenotypes were evident, this did not account for the β-cell deficit in type 2 diabetes. …

… Diabetes is associated with a deficit of insulin-producing β-cells. Animal studies show that
β-… Although the progression of β-cell failure could be ascribed to β-cell death, its apparent …

… with healthy people. In this study, we aim to unravel the β-cell dysfunction and deficit mechanisms
in … To further understand the regulation of abnormal β-cell death in T2D, we conducted …

… and autophagy deficits in β-cell decline in patients with type 2 diabetes24. (a) By hierarchy
cluster analysis, the impact of OS, ER stress and autophagy deficits on the β-cell deficits were …

… to induce β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes, such as … β-cell mass, and increased β-cell
apoptosis have been found in … in contrast to rodents, humans with insulin deficiency or who are …

… biology has greatly expanded in recent years, and the simplistic view that β cell death is
the primary outcome of β cell exhaustion and dysfunction has evolved considerably. Notably, …