… are autonomous pacemakers, their spiking activity is instead independent of excitatory inputs
[… Together with the EPN, the SNr is one of the output nuclei in the basal ganglia. Like other …

… of synaptic inputs [8]; these autonomous pacemaking action … [53], as increased demand
for Ca 2+ handling exacerbates … the frequency of autonomous pacemaking action potentials …

… resistance, and continual, cell-autonomous pacemaker activity, that strengthen the basis for
… currents, suggesting that synaptic inputs to these cells in the intact CNS can modulate their …

… and relaxation of skeletal muscles needed for the intended … in the basal ganglia are
autonomous pacemakers. Principal … bursts of spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents …

… of output from the sensorimotor basal ganglia. Experimental data … of synaptic input are
referred to as autonomous spiking … neuron (Neuron 1) which spikes regardless of any excitatory …

… In excitatory synapses, LTP is induced only when both pre- … amount of DA to the basal
ganglia (BG) and forebrain [21]. … , STN neurons lose their autonomous pacemaking due to both …

… for patients with implants or pacemakers, limiting its applications… , neurons behave in an
autonomous, unsupervised and … [32], but they are out of phase anyway, and so they have to be …

… of complex connections with the other basal ganglia nuclei and brain regions. Recently, …
in an autonomous manner, which makes their spiking activity independent of excitatory inputs (…

… -excitation and opto-inhibition) to dissect the specific functional contribution of key cortico-basal
ganglia (… First, STN neurons have autonomous pacemaker firing properties 44 , and there …