Background: Chronic back pain is one of the most challenging medical problems worldwide
that results in disability, physical problems, and high costs for the family and society.
Therefore, it can be very beneficial to find an appropriate treatment with minimum side-
effects for this disease. The present study attempted to compare the effects of different water
gait protocols on the endurance and electrical activity of spine extensor muscles in men with
nonspecific chronic back pain. Methods: The study adopted an experimental design in which …