Phylogeny, macroevolutionary trends and historical biogeography of sloths: insights from a Bayesian morphological clock analysis

L Varela, PS Tambusso, HG McDonald… - Systematic …, 2019 - academic.oup.com
Sloths, like other xenarthrans, are an extremely interesting … the monophyly of Cingulata,
Pilosa, Vermilingua, and Folivora … results and until more complex models considering changes …

The earliest well-documented occurrence of sexual dimorphism in extinct sloths: evolutionary and palaeoecological insights

A Boscaini, TJ Gaudin, N Toledo… - Zoological Journal of …, 2019 - academic.oup.com
… The two morphs of Simomylodon uccasamamensis segregate on the basis of body size, but
… In xenarthrans, the shape of the muzzle and nuchal protrusion are related to feeding habits …

Ulna of extant xenarthrans: shape, size, and function

N Toledo, NA Muñoz, GH Cassini - Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2021 - Springer
… three-toed sloths Bradypus and the two-toed sloths Choloepus) … a complex interplay
between ulnar size and proportions. … The allometric trend among anteaters can be partially …

3D finite element analysis and geometric morphometrics of sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora) mandibles show insights on the dietary specializations of fossil taxa

L Varela, PS Tambusso, JMP Zerpa, RK McAfee… - Journal of South …, 2023 - Elsevier
… It is made up of the Orders Cingulata (armadillos, pampatheres, and glyptodonts) and Pilosa
element size (something probable in meshes representing biological complex structures), …

[PDF][PDF] Myosin fiber type distribution and metabolic characteristics in the hindlimb muscles of sloths (Xenarthra: Pilosa)

K Spainhower - 2018 - digital.maag.ysu.edu
… energy requirements, and activity patterns reflect this trend in energy savings. Sunquist and
… Retia are complex vascular bundles that serve as countercurrent heat exchangers that cool …

[HTML][HTML] Ancient mitogenomes reveal the evolutionary history and biogeography of sloths

F Delsuc, M Kuch, GC Gibb, E Karpinski… - Current Biology, 2019 - cell.com
… Like their closest xenarthran relatives (anteaters and armadillos), sloths originated in South
America and successfully invaded Central and North America prior to the completion of the …

Architectural properties of sloth forelimb muscles (Pilosa: Bradypodidae)

RA Olson, ZD Glenn, RN Cliffe, MT Butcher - … of Mammalian Evolution, 2018 - Springer
… Descriptive statistics for all measurements and calculations are reported as mean ± … of
force enhancement in sloths. However, the assessment of strength is difficult because it involves …

Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models

DM Casali, A Boscaini, TJ Gaudin… - Zoological Journal of …, 2022 - academic.oup.com
… sampling of most of the taxonomic diversity of sloths. The present study focuses on further
exploring sloth morphological phylogenetics with an expanded and revised data set, using …

The evolution of hyoid apparatus in Xenarthra (Mammalia: Eutheria)

DM Casali, FA Perini - Historical Biology, 2017 - Taylor & Francis
… diphyletic extant tree sloths, some extinct ground sloths and … condition recovered for Pilosa
and Xenarthra. In that view, the … morphological complexes. In this study, the inclusion of fossil …

Estimation of hearing capabilities of Early Miocene sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Folivora) and palaeobiological implications

R Ernesto Blanco, WW Jones - Historical Biology, 2016 - Taylor & Francis
… Poor sight and hearing is a characteristic of living sloths and anteaters (both are
members of the Order Pilosa). Also, the living representatives of both groups possess well-developed …