Effects of two kinds of noradrenergic ADHD medicines on sign-tracking and goal-tracking in male rats.

JM Holden - Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2022 - psycnet.apa.org
JM Holden
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2022psycnet.apa.org
Sign-and goal-tracking are behaviors seen in many species when a conditioned stimulus
and it's corresponding unconditioned stimulus are presented at separate locations, and
have been the focus of studies on appetitive conditioned and drug dependence. The
neurochemical basis of sign-tracking is of interest for both studies of basic conditioning and
addiction. In this work, I examined the role of norepinephrine by employing two
noradrenergic drugs used for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—(a) …
Abstract
Sign-and goal-tracking are behaviors seen in many species when a conditioned stimulus and it’s corresponding unconditioned stimulus are presented at separate locations, and have been the focus of studies on appetitive conditioned and drug dependence. The neurochemical basis of sign-tracking is of interest for both studies of basic conditioning and addiction. In this work, I examined the role of norepinephrine by employing two noradrenergic drugs used for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—(a) atomoxetine, a norepinephrine reuptake blocker, and (b) guanfacine, an α 2A-adrenergic receptor agonist. Sprague-Dawley rats were trained using a standard Pavlovian conditioning procedure with a retractable lever as conditioned stimulus and sucrose pellets as unconditioned stimulus. It was found that while atomoxetine reduced both sign-(both doses) and goal-tracking (only at the higher dose), guanfacine did not have any effect on either behavior. While norepinephrine reuptake blocking may be an effective strategy for reducing sign-tracking, manipulation of the α 2A-adrenergic receptor appears less viable.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
American Psychological Association
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