… , alloreactive T cells need to be kept in check by potent immunosuppressive drugs. Of the …
with pathogens has the potential to be a barrier for co-stimulation blockade-induced tolerance […

… as ‘heterologous’ immunity, is thought to be a key barrier to … allograft survival is their strong
‘heterologous’ reactivity to … this discussion has centered on heterologous immunity by memory …

… marrow transplantation [18], but there are still some obstacles … Zhao Y et al. achieved
heterologous tolerance between mice … Later, Tregs also showed potent antigen-specific inhibition …

… Immune rejection is an important obstacle to the use of … The immune tolerance of a fetus
during pregnancy offers … a humanized immune system and even showed strong efficacy against …

… Only two strategies have succeeded in effectively inducing operational tolerance across HLA
barriers so far. As HLA mismatches are commonly present in solid organ transplantation, in …

… Heterologous immunity is recognized as a significant barrier to transplant tolerance. … + T
cells to become potent secondary effectors following heterologous rechallenge. These findings …

… ) barriers as long as the kidney was transplanted before the loss of peripheral chimerism (44). …
and heterologous immunity have both been shown to impede tolerance induction in mice (…

… of infections that result in heterologous immunity. In the former, … will elicit a strong, T cell–dependent
immune response to donor … Rejection can still occur when transplantation has taken …

… To overcome this obstacle, Ildstad and Sachs inoculated a … potent approach for the induction
of transplantation tolerance… heterologous immunity constitutes a considerable barrier to …

… potent strategy for the induction of donor-specific tolerance in organ transplantation and so
far … Another barrier for translation of tolerance approaches from mice to humans is the limited …