… The moral authority of decisions based on our precedent … On the one horn, if proxy decisions
lack the moral authority of … we would lack the moral obligation to respect a proxy’s decisions …

… moral permissibility of acting on consent. For instance, Alan Wertheimer writes,“We often treat
consent as a premise of a moral … through a power of attorney, spokesperson, or other proxy …

… consent on behalf of a patient who is deemed incapable of making their own choices. This is
called consent by proxy, … , argued that proxies do not have sufficient moral authority to make …

… of proxy decision-making is lacking. This systematic review provides a synthesis of the
empirical data reporting the ethical issues surrounding decisions made by research proxies, and …

… Their next of kin generally assume that they have the legal and moral authority to make
decisions on behalf of their incompetent family member. This is the traditional believe and …

… If the subject is incapable of giving it, the informed consent of an authorized proxy must be
sought. This requirement is also included in the Declaration of Helsinki, the World Medical …

… avoiding this sort of problem has been a strong motivation for the use of proxy consent …
and metaphysical arguments relating to moral authority and autonomy in such circumstances. …

… This line of thought, however, misconceives what the choice … “proxy powers” with regard
to children and their moral rights. … power of consent, and the idea of parental “proxy consent”. …

… Even allowing for the criticisms expressed for the proxy role [16], giving legal status to a
person chosen by the patient would be more widely accepted than the legal document with pre-…

… right, which would be misconceived in terms of restricting self-… are of paramount importance
as proxies in medical decision-… Fourth, in attaching the moral authority of collectives vested …