… Over the 20-year recovery period, skid trails with lower traffic intensity on gentle slopes …
were 16.1% (bulk density), and 3.5 cm (rut depth) greater and 9.5% (total porosity) and 32.7% (…

… on the short-term recovery of these layers. Specifically, we focused on the recovery of bulk
density and porosity that closely reflect the effects of soil compaction and are regarded as the …

… on the recovery of soil bulk density, total porosity, penetration resistance, and … , rut depth
refers to a decreasing change in wheel rut depth over time following ground-based skidding …

… ’s bulk density, porosity, the distribution of the pore size, … the skid trail (in between the ruts),
with the exception of soil CO … partial regeneration and more than 20 years to recover to a state …

… specifically related to skid trail recovery, of which, 64 refer to recovery of soil properties and
… Recovery of soil bulk density, porosity and rutting from ground skidding over a 20-year period …

… by increased soil moisture content at the time of skidding. We visually assessed 16 categories
of … Bulk density, porosity, and rut depth were significantly affected by traffic frequency, trail …

… physical properties in ground-based skidding. … One pass of the skidder is enough to cause
ruts classified as medium-heavy … and possible shortterm natural rehabilitation of soil density. …

… , soil samples were saturated in plastic tubes over a period of … in average bulk density, total
porosity, macroporosity, … zones from wheel rut into the forest following 20 skidding passes. …

… of harvest traffic on soils in the switchback curves … first time the effect of skidding on dry
bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, and microporosity in the straight segments of the skid …

… Soil samples were collected after each skidding cycle with a … for local conditions that may
limit soil recovery. Fine-textured … We used measurements of soil bulk density, total porosity, and …