Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a simple phospholipid observed in most organisms. PA acts as a
key metabolic intermediate and a second messenger that regulates many cell activities. In
plants, PA is involved in numerous cell responses induced by hormones, stress inputs and
developmental processes. Interestingly, PA production can be triggered by opposite
stressors, such as cold and heat, or by hormones that are considered to be antagonistic,
such as abscisic acid and salicylic acid. This property questions the specificity of the …