The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has exploded, especially among
teenagers and new smokers, amid widespread awareness of the dangers of traditional
tobacco and restrictions on smoking. However, the risk effects of ENDS on physical health,
especially oral health, are still ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to review the
available evidence on risks of ENDS on oral health, and compares the differences between
ENDS and traditional cigarettes. For heavy smokers, transferring the addiction of tobacco to …

The World Health Organization has declared tobacco smoking to be the leading preventable
cause of death worldwide (1). Tobacco contains more than 7,000 toxic chemicals, including
several known human carcinogens, and causes more than 7 million deaths each year (2–4).
Since the harm associated to cigarettes has been widely recognized by the public, the year
2006 saw the emergence of novel nicotine application devices that are similar in shape and
function to conventional cigarettes and have been claimed to provide a more convenient …